[docs] build.tex: fix formatting of example in build environments section

[openwrt.git] / docs / build.tex

diff --git a/docs/build.tex b/docs/build.tex
index 730451e..82e7b0b 100644 (file)
--- a/docs/build.tex
+++ b/docs/build.tex
@@ -65,25 +65,25 @@ There are four key directories in the base:
 
 \texttt{tools} and \texttt{toolchain} refer to common tools which will be
 used to build the firmware image, the compiler, and the C library.
 
 \texttt{tools} and \texttt{toolchain} refer to common tools which will be
 used to build the firmware image, the compiler, and the C library.

-The result of this is three new directories, \texttt{tool\_build}, which is a temporary
-directory for building the target independent tools, \texttt{toolchain\_build\_\textit{<arch>}}
+The result of this is three new directories, \texttt{build\_dir/host}, which is a temporary
+directory for building the target independent tools, \texttt{build\_dir/toolchain-\textit{<arch>}*}

 which is used for building the toolchain for a specific architecture, and
 which is used for building the toolchain for a specific architecture, and

-\texttt{staging\_dir\_\textit{<arch>}} where the resulting toolchain is installed.
+\texttt{staging\_dir/toolchain-\textit{<arch>}*} where the resulting toolchain is installed.

 You will not need to do anything with the toolchain directory unless you intend to
 add a new version of one of the components above.
 
 \begin{itemize}
 You will not need to do anything with the toolchain directory unless you intend to
 add a new version of one of the components above.
 
 \begin{itemize}

-    \item \texttt{tool\_build}
-    \item \texttt{toolchain\_build\_\textit{<arch>}}
+    \item \texttt{build\_dir/host}
+    \item \texttt{build\_dir/toolchain-\textit{<arch>}*}

 \end{itemize}
 
 \texttt{package} is for exactly that -- packages. In an OpenWrt firmware, almost everything
 is an \texttt{.ipk}, a software package which can be added to the firmware to provide new
 features or removed to save space. Note that packages are also maintained outside of the main
 \end{itemize}
 
 \texttt{package} is for exactly that -- packages. In an OpenWrt firmware, almost everything
 is an \texttt{.ipk}, a software package which can be added to the firmware to provide new
 features or removed to save space. Note that packages are also maintained outside of the main

-trunk and can be obtained from subversion at the following location:
+trunk and can be obtained from subversion using the package feeds system:

 
 \begin{Verbatim}
 
 \begin{Verbatim}

-$ svn checkout https://svn.openwrt.org/openwrt/packages packages
+$ ./scripts/feeds update

 \end{Verbatim}
 
 Those packages can be used to extend the functionality of the build system and need to be
 \end{Verbatim}
 
 Those packages can be used to extend the functionality of the build system and need to be


@@ -91,15 +91,17 @@ symlinked into the main trunk. Once you do that, the packages will show up in th
 configuration. From kamikaze you would do something like this:
 
 \begin{Verbatim}
 configuration. From kamikaze you would do something like this:
 
 \begin{Verbatim}

-$ ls
-kamikaze  packages
-$ ln -s packages/net/nmap kamikaze/package/nmap
+$ ./scripts/feeds search nmap
+Search results in feed 'packages':
+nmap       Network exploration and/or security auditing utility
+
+$ ./scripts/feeds install nmap

 \end{Verbatim}
 
 To include all packages, issue the following command:
 
 \begin{Verbatim}
 \end{Verbatim}
 
 To include all packages, issue the following command:
 
 \begin{Verbatim}

-$ ln -s packages/*/* kamikaze/package/
+$ make package/symlinks

 \end{Verbatim}
 
 \texttt{target} refers to the embedded platform, this contains items which are specific to
 \end{Verbatim}
 
 \texttt{target} refers to the embedded platform, this contains items which are specific to


@@ -108,12 +110,12 @@ directory which is broken down by platform \textit{<arch>} and contains the patc
 kernel, profile config, for a particular platform. There's also the "\texttt{target/image}" directory
 which describes how to package a firmware for a specific platform.
 
 kernel, profile config, for a particular platform. There's also the "\texttt{target/image}" directory
 which describes how to package a firmware for a specific platform.
 

-Both the target and package steps will use the directory "\texttt{build\_\textit{<arch>}}"
+Both the target and package steps will use the directory "\texttt{build\_dir/\textit{<arch>}}"

 as a temporary directory for compiling. Additionally, anything downloaded by the toolchain,
 target or package steps will be placed in the "\texttt{dl}" directory.
 
 \begin{itemize}
 as a temporary directory for compiling. Additionally, anything downloaded by the toolchain,
 target or package steps will be placed in the "\texttt{dl}" directory.
 
 \begin{itemize}

-    \item \texttt{build\_\textit{<arch>}}
+    \item \texttt{build\_dir/\textit{<arch>}}

     \item \texttt{dl}
 \end{itemize}
 
     \item \texttt{dl}
 \end{itemize}
 


@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ of noise caused by the compile output. To see the full output, run the command
 "\texttt{make V=99}".
 
 During the build process, buildroot will download all sources to the "\texttt{dl}"
 "\texttt{make V=99}".
 
 During the build process, buildroot will download all sources to the "\texttt{dl}"

-directory and will start patching and compiling them in the "\texttt{build\_\textit{<arch>}}"
+directory and will start patching and compiling them in the "\texttt{build\_dir/\textit{<arch>}}"

 directory. When finished, the resulting firmware will be in the "\texttt{bin}" directory
 and packages will be in the "\texttt{bin/packages}" directory.
 
 directory. When finished, the resulting firmware will be in the "\texttt{bin}" directory
 and packages will be in the "\texttt{bin/packages}" directory.
 


@@ -382,6 +384,59 @@ After you have created your \texttt{package/\textit{<name>}/Makefile}, the new p
 will automatically show in the menu the next time you run "make menuconfig" and if selected
 will be built automatically the next time "\texttt{make}" is run.
 
 will automatically show in the menu the next time you run "make menuconfig" and if selected
 will be built automatically the next time "\texttt{make}" is run.
 

+\subsection{Creating binary packages}
+
+You might want to create binary packages and include them in the resulting images as packages.
+To do so, you can use the following template, which basically sets to nothing the Configure and
+Compile templates.
+
+\begin{Verbatim}[frame=single,numbers=left]
+# $Id: $
+
+include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
+
+PKG_NAME:=binpkg
+PKG_VERSION:=1.0
+PKG_RELEASE:=1
+
+PKG_SOURCE:=binpkg-$(PKG_VERSION).tar.gz
+PKG_SOURCE_URL:=http://server
+PKG_MD5SUM:=9b7dc52656f5cbec846a7ba3299f73bd
+PKG_CAT:=zcat
+
+include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
+
+define Package/binpkg
+  SECTION:=net
+  CATEGORY:=Network
+  TITLE:=Binary package
+endef
+
+define Package/bridge/description
+  Binary package
+endef
+
+define Build/Configure
+endef
+
+define Build/Compile
+endef
+
+define Package/bridge/install
+    $(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/sbin
+    $(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/* $(1)/usr/sbin/
+endef
+
+$(eval $(call BuildPackage,bridge))
+\end{Verbatim}
+
+Provided that the tarball which contains the binaries reflects the final
+directory layout (/usr, /lib ...), it becomes very easy to get your package
+look like one build from sources.
+
+Note that using the same technique, you can easily create binary pcakages
+for your proprietary kernel modules as well.
+

 \subsection{Creating kernel modules packages}
 
 The OpenWrt distribution makes the distinction between two kind of kernel modules, those coming along with the mainline kernel, and the others available as a separate project. We will see later that a common template is used for both of them.
 \subsection{Creating kernel modules packages}
 
 The OpenWrt distribution makes the distinction between two kind of kernel modules, those coming along with the mainline kernel, and the others available as a separate project. We will see later that a common template is used for both of them.


@@ -461,14 +516,14 @@ shortcuts you can take. Instead of waiting for make to get to your package, you
 run one of the following:
 
 \begin{itemize}
 run one of the following:
 
 \begin{itemize}

-    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}-clean V=99}
-    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}-install V=99}
+    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}/clean V=99}
+    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}/install V=99}

 \end{itemize}
 
 \end{itemize}
 

-Another nice trick is that if the source directory under \texttt{build\_\textit{<arch>}}
+Another nice trick is that if the source directory under \texttt{build\_dir/\textit{<arch>}}

 is newer than the package directory, it won't clobber it by unpacking the sources again.
 If you were working on a patch you could simply edit the sources under the
 is newer than the package directory, it won't clobber it by unpacking the sources again.
 If you were working on a patch you could simply edit the sources under the

-\texttt{build\_\textit{<arch>}/\textit{<source>}} directory and run the install command above,
+\texttt{build\_dir/\textit{<arch>}/\textit{<source>}} directory and run the install command above,

 when satisfied, copy the patched sources elsewhere and diff them with the unpatched
 sources. A warning though - if you go modify anything under \texttt{package/\textit{<name>}}
 it will remove the old sources and unpack a fresh copy.
 when satisfied, copy the patched sources elsewhere and diff them with the unpatched
 sources. A warning though - if you go modify anything under \texttt{package/\textit{<name>}}
 it will remove the old sources and unpack a fresh copy.


@@ -476,8 +531,65 @@ it will remove the old sources and unpack a fresh copy.
 Other useful targets include:
 
 \begin{itemize}
 Other useful targets include:
 
 \begin{itemize}

-    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}-prepare V=99}
-    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}-compile V=99}
-    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}-configure V=99}
+    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}/prepare V=99}
+    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}/compile V=99}
+    \item \texttt{make package/\textit{<name>}/configure V=99}

 \end{itemize}
 
 \end{itemize}
 

+
+\subsection{Using build environments}
+OpenWrt provides a means of building images for multiple configurations
+which can use multiple targets in one single checkout. These \emph{environments}
+store a copy of the .config file generated by \texttt{make menuconfig} and the contents
+of the \texttt{./files} folder.
+The script \texttt{./scripts/env} is used to manage these environments, it uses
+\texttt{git} (which needs to be installed on your system) as backend for version control.
+
+The command 
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env help
+\end{Verbatim}
+produces a short help text with a list of commands.
+
+To create a new environment named \texttt{current}, run the following command
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env new current
+\end{Verbatim}
+This will move your \texttt{.config} file and \texttt{./files} (if it exists) to
+the \texttt{env/} subdirectory and create symlinks in the base folder.
+
+After running make menuconfig or changing things in files/, your current state will
+differ from what has been saved before. To show these changes, use:
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env diff
+\end{Verbatim}
+
+If you want to save these changes, run:
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env save
+\end{Verbatim}
+If you want to revert your changes to the previously saved copy, run:
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env revert
+\end{Verbatim}
+
+If you want, you can now create a second environment using the \texttt{new} command.
+It will ask you whether you want to make it a clone of the current environment (e.g.
+for minor changes) or if you want to start with a clean version (e.g. for selecting
+a new target).
+
+To switch to a different environment (e.g. \texttt{test1}), use:
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env switch test1
+\end{Verbatim}
+
+To rename the current branch to a new name (e.g. \texttt{test2}), use:
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env rename test2
+\end{Verbatim}
+
+If you want to get rid of environment switching and keep everything in the base directory
+again, use:
+\begin{Verbatim}
+  ./scripts/env clear
+\end{Verbatim}