\subsection{XMPP}
-\pages{3-4}
The \term{Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)} is a distributed,
XML-based protocol for real-time communication. Its core functionalities are
-specified in RFCs~6120~\cite{rfc6120} and RFC~6122~\cite{rfc6121}, while protocol
+specified in RFC~6120~\cite{rfc6120} and RFC~6122~\cite{rfc6121}, while protocol
extensions are usually defined by the XMPP community in \term{XMPP Extension
Proposals (XEPs)}.
\subsubsection{Addressing}
+\enlargethispage{2\baselineskip}
Every user account in XMPP is addressed by a globally unique identifier, called
the \term{Jabber ID (JID)}~\cite{rfc6122}. It has the form
-\code{localpart@domainpart/resource}, where \code{domainpart} is the DNS name of
-an XMPP server, and \code{localpart} is the name of a user account on that
-server. Since a user can be logged in from multiple clients, the \code{resource}
-part is a string chosen by the user to distinguish those clients. Only the part
-\code{localpart@domainpart} (the \term{bare JID}) is needed to identify a user,
-the resource is only needed for routing between client and server.
+\code{localpart@domain/resource}, where \code{domain} is the DNS name of an XMPP
+server, and \code{localpart} is the name of a user account on that server. Since
+a user can be logged in from multiple clients at the same time, the
+\code{resource} part is a string chosen by the user to distinguish those
+clients. Only the part \code{localpart@domain} (the \term{bare JID}) is
+needed to identify a user, the resource is only needed for routing between
+client and server.
\subsubsection{Architecture}
\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0.5\textwidth}
The original architecture underlying XMPP strongly leans on the established
design of Internet Mail, and an example is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:xmpparch}.
The distributed network is formed by \term{XMPP servers} on one hand, which make
-up the always-on backbone of the network used for message routing, and manage
-user accounts and statuses. On the other hand, \term{XMPP clients} represent a
-single logged-in user and make up the interface for communication with other
-users.
+up the always-on backbone of the network used for message routing, and which
+manage user accounts and statuses. On the other hand, \term{XMPP clients}
+represent a single logged-in user and make up the interface for communication
+with other users.
Every client communicates only with the server that manages the respective user
account which is configured in the client, as given in the user's JID. The
an opening \code{<stream>} tag. The client then performs SASL authentication and
binds its stream to a resource for proper addressing. If this process succeeded,
both client and server can send an unlimited number of stanzas, until the
-connection is closed by one side by sending an closing \code{</stream>} tag. The
+connection is closed by one side by sending a closing \code{</stream>} tag. The
other side then has the chance to send all outstanding stanzas and then likewise
closes its stream. If both streams are closed, the underlying TCP connection is
terminated.
+%\todo{see section... for example stream}
+
\subsubsection{Publish/Subscribe and Presence}
Typically, a user wants to chat with a more or less fixed set of other users,
whose JIDs she needs to know, so she needs some kind of ``address book'' that
-remembers the JIDs for her. In XMPP, this is address book is called
+remembers the JIDs for her. In XMPP, this address book is called
\term{roster}, and it also shows the users' willingness to chat (``presence'').
In order to see their chat status (which can be one of ``online'', ``offline'',
and several ``away'' or ``do not disturb'' states), a user needs to subscribe to
Besides one-to-one messaging, XMPP also allows users to create multi-user chat
rooms, which is specified in XEP-0045~\cite{xep0045}. Each chat room is given a
-unique JID to which the users send their messages to. Each incoming message is
-then dispatched to all users which have joined the room.
+unique JID on the server managing the room to which the users send their
+messages to. Each incoming message is then dispatched to all users which have
+joined the room.
To join a room, the user sends a \code{<presence>} stanza to the room JID, where
the resource part of the room JID specifies the desired nick name.
\subsubsection{XMPP Serverless Messaging}\label{sec:xsm}
-\pages{1}
To overcome the need for a central server and authentication, XMPP Serverless
Messaging~\cite{xep0174} allows XMPP clients on a network to build a
peer-to-peer mesh network and chat directly with each other. This feature was
-first introduced by Apple as part of their \term{Bonjour}\footnote{see
-\url{https://developer.apple.com/bonjour/}} project, and nowadays it is also
-available in many other XMPP clients.
-
-With XMPP Serverless Messaging, XMPP clients simply open a port on the host, and
-then rely on mDNS and DNS-SD (see Section~\ref{sec:dns})
-to publish instance names in the domain \code{\_presence.\_tcp.local}. For
-example, if Juliet uses her machine (named \code{capulet}) with serverless
-messaging, her client would publish the following four mDNS records:
+first introduced by Apple as part of their \term{Bonjour} project, and nowadays
+it is also available in many other XMPP clients.
+
+%\begin{wrapfigure}{R}{0.4\textwidth}
+ %\tikzstyle{iconlabel}=[text width=2cm, align=center, font=\footnotesize]
+ %\tikzstyle{label}=[font=\footnotesize]
+ %\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=0pt,scale=1.2,>=stealth,thick]
+ %\def\nodelist{
+ %juliet/{(-1,-1)}/\code{juliet@\ balcony.local}/below/computer,
+ %tybalt/{(-1,1)}/\code{tybalt@\ montague.local}/above/computer,
+ %mercutio/{(1,1)}/\code{mercutio@\ capulet.local}/above/computer,
+ %romeo/{(1,-1)}/\code{romeo@\ romeo.local}/below/computer%
+ %}
+ %\foreach \name/\pos/\text/\tpos/\icon in \nodelist {
+ %\node (\name) at \pos { \includegraphics[width=1cm]{icon-\icon.pdf} };
+ %\node[\tpos=of \name,iconlabel] (\name text) { \text };
+ %}
+ %\draw[<->,dashed] (juliet) -- (tybalt);
+ %\draw[<->,dashed] (juliet) -- (romeo);
+ %\draw[<->,dashed] (juliet) -- (mercutio);
+ %\draw[<->,dashed] (romeo) -- (mercutio);
+ %\draw[<->,dashed] (romeo) -- (tybalt);
+ %\draw[<->,dashed] (mercutio) -- (tybalt);
+ %\end{tikzpicture}
+ %\centering
+ %\caption{XMPP architecture with Serverless Messaging}
+ %\label{fig:xmpparch2}
+%\end{wrapfigure}
+
+With XMPP Serverless Messaging, XMPP clients simply open a port on their host,
+and then rely on mDNS and DNS-SD (see Section~\ref{sec:dns}) to publish instance
+names in the domain \code{\_presence.\_tcp.local}. For example, if Juliet uses
+her machine (named \code{capulet}) with serverless messaging, her client would
+publish the following four mDNS records:
\begin{itemize}
\item an A record \code{capulet.local}, specifying her IP address,
projects / skm-ma-ws1314.git / blobdiff