package/mtd/src/mtd.c

   1 /*
   2  * mtd - simple memory technology device manipulation tool
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005      Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@dass-it.de>,
   5  * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
   6  *
   7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
   9  * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  18  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  19  *
  20  *
  21  * The code is based on the linux-mtd examples.
  22  */
  23
  24 #include <limits.h>
  25 #include <unistd.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <stdio.h>
  28 #include <stdint.h>
  29 #include <signal.h>
  30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  31 #include <sys/syscall.h>
  32 #include <fcntl.h>
  33 #include <errno.h>
  34 #include <error.h>
  35 #include <time.h>
  36 #include <string.h>
  37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  38 #include <sys/types.h>
  39 #include <sys/param.h>
  40 #include <sys/mount.h>
  41 #include <sys/stat.h>
  42 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  43 #include <linux/reboot.h>
  44 #include "mtd-api.h"
  45 #include "fis.h"
  46 #include "mtd.h"
  47
  48 #define MAX_ARGS 8
  49 #define JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR       "" /* directory name without /, empty means root dir */
  50
  51 struct trx_header {
  52         uint32_t magic;         /* "HDR0" */
  53         uint32_t len;           /* Length of file including header */
  54         uint32_t crc32;         /* 32-bit CRC from flag_version to end of file */
  55         uint32_t flag_version;  /* 0:15 flags, 16:31 version */
  56         uint32_t offsets[3];    /* Offsets of partitions from start of header */
  57 };
  58
  59 static char *buf = NULL;
  60 static char *imagefile = NULL;
  61 static char *jffs2file = NULL, *jffs2dir = JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR;
  62 static int buflen = 0;
  63 int quiet;
  64 int mtdsize = 0;
  65 int erasesize = 0;
  66
  67 int mtd_open(const char *mtd, bool block)
  68 {
  69         FILE *fp;
  70         char dev[PATH_MAX];
  71         int i;
  72         int ret;
  73         int flags = O_RDWR | O_SYNC;
  74
  75         if ((fp = fopen("/proc/mtd", "r"))) {
  76                 while (fgets(dev, sizeof(dev), fp)) {
  77                         if (sscanf(dev, "mtd%d:", &i) && strstr(dev, mtd)) {
  78                                 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s/%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
  79                                 if ((ret=open(dev, flags))<0) {
  80                                         snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
  81                                         ret=open(dev, flags);
  82                                 }
  83                                 fclose(fp);
  84                                 return ret;
  85                         }
  86                 }
  87                 fclose(fp);
  88         }
  89
  90         return open(mtd, flags);
  91 }
  92
  93 int mtd_check_open(const char *mtd)
  94 {
  95         struct mtd_info_user mtdInfo;
  96         int fd;
  97
  98         fd = mtd_open(mtd, false);
  99         if(fd < 0) {
 100                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 101                 return -1;
 102         }
 103
 104         if(ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &mtdInfo)) {
 105                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not get MTD device info from %s\n", mtd);
 106                 close(fd);
 107                 return -1;
 108         }
 109         mtdsize = mtdInfo.size;
 110         erasesize = mtdInfo.erasesize;
 111
 112         return fd;
 113 }
 114
 115 int mtd_erase_block(int fd, int offset)
 116 {
 117         struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
 118
 119         mtdEraseInfo.start = offset;
 120         mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
 121         ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
 122         if (ioctl (fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo) < 0)
 123                 return -1;
 124
 125         return 0;
 126 }
 127
 128 int mtd_write_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, int offset, int length)
 129 {
 130         lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
 131         write(fd, buf, length);
 132         return 0;
 133 }
 134
 135
 136 static int
 137 image_check(int imagefd, const char *mtd)
 138 {
 139         int ret = 1;
 140 #ifdef target_brcm
 141         ret = trx_check(imagefd, mtd, buf, &buflen);
 142 #endif
 143         return ret;
 144 }
 145
 146 static int mtd_check(const char *mtd)
 147 {
 148         char *next = NULL;
 149         char *str = NULL;
 150         int fd;
 151
 152         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 153                 str = strdup(mtd);
 154                 mtd = str;
 155         }
 156
 157         do {
 158                 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 159                 if (next) {
 160                         *next = 0;
 161                         next++;
 162                 }
 163
 164                 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 165                 if (fd < 0)
 166                         return 0;
 167
 168                 if (!buf)
 169                         buf = malloc(erasesize);
 170
 171                 close(fd);
 172                 mtd = next;
 173         } while (next);
 174
 175         if (str)
 176                 free(str);
 177
 178         return 1;
 179 }
 180
 181 static int
 182 mtd_unlock(const char *mtd)
 183 {
 184         struct erase_info_user mtdLockInfo;
 185         char *next = NULL;
 186         char *str = NULL;
 187         int fd;
 188
 189         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 190                 str = strdup(mtd);
 191                 mtd = str;
 192         }
 193
 194         do {
 195                 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 196                 if (next) {
 197                         *next = 0;
 198                         next++;
 199                 }
 200
 201                 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 202                 if(fd < 0) {
 203                         fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 204                         exit(1);
 205                 }
 206
 207                 if (quiet < 2)
 208                         fprintf(stderr, "Unlocking %s ...\n", mtd);
 209
 210                 mtdLockInfo.start = 0;
 211                 mtdLockInfo.length = mtdsize;
 212                 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdLockInfo);
 213                 close(fd);
 214                 mtd = next;
 215         } while (next);
 216
 217         if (str)
 218                 free(str);
 219
 220         return 0;
 221 }
 222
 223 static int
 224 mtd_erase(const char *mtd)
 225 {
 226         int fd;
 227         struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
 228
 229         if (quiet < 2)
 230                 fprintf(stderr, "Erasing %s ...\n", mtd);
 231
 232         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 233         if(fd < 0) {
 234                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 235                 exit(1);
 236         }
 237
 238         mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
 239
 240         for (mtdEraseInfo.start = 0;
 241                  mtdEraseInfo.start < mtdsize;
 242                  mtdEraseInfo.start += erasesize) {
 243
 244                 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
 245                 if(ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo))
 246                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block on %s at 0x%x\n", mtd, mtdEraseInfo.start);
 247         }
 248
 249         close(fd);
 250         return 0;
 251
 252 }
 253
 254 static int
 255 mtd_refresh(const char *mtd)
 256 {
 257         int fd;
 258
 259         if (quiet < 2)
 260                 fprintf(stderr, "Refreshing mtd partition %s ... ", mtd);
 261
 262         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 263         if(fd < 0) {
 264                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 265                 exit(1);
 266         }
 267
 268         if (ioctl(fd, MTDREFRESH, NULL)) {
 269                 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to refresh the MTD device\n");
 270                 close(fd);
 271                 exit(1);
 272         }
 273         close(fd);
 274
 275         if (quiet < 2)
 276                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 277
 278         return 0;
 279 }
 280
 281 static int
 282 mtd_write(int imagefd, const char *mtd, char *fis_layout)
 283 {
 284         char *next = NULL;
 285         char *str = NULL;
 286         int fd, result;
 287         ssize_t r, w, e;
 288         uint32_t offset = 0;
 289
 290 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 291         static struct fis_part new_parts[MAX_ARGS];
 292         static struct fis_part old_parts[MAX_ARGS];
 293         int n_new = 0, n_old = 0;
 294
 295         if (fis_layout) {
 296                 const char *tmp = mtd;
 297                 char *word, *brkt;
 298                 int ret;
 299
 300                 memset(&old_parts, 0, sizeof(old_parts));
 301                 memset(&new_parts, 0, sizeof(new_parts));
 302
 303                 do {
 304                         next = strchr(tmp, ':');
 305                         if (!next)
 306                                 next = (char *) tmp + strlen(tmp);
 307
 308                         memcpy(old_parts[n_old].name, tmp, next - tmp);
 309
 310                         n_old++;
 311                         tmp = next + 1;
 312                 } while(*next);
 313
 314                 for (word = strtok_r(fis_layout, ",", &brkt);
 315                      word;
 316                          word = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &brkt)) {
 317
 318                         tmp = strtok(word, ":");
 319                         strncpy((char *) new_parts[n_new].name, tmp, sizeof(new_parts[n_new].name) - 1);
 320
 321                         tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
 322                         if (!tmp)
 323                                 goto next;
 324
 325                         new_parts[n_new].size = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 0);
 326
 327                         tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
 328                         if (!tmp)
 329                                 goto next;
 330
 331                         new_parts[n_new].loadaddr = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 16);
 332 next:
 333                         n_new++;
 334                 }
 335                 ret = fis_validate(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new);
 336                 if (ret < 0) {
 337                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to validate the new FIS partition table\n");
 338                         exit(1);
 339                 }
 340                 if (ret == 0)
 341                         fis_layout = NULL;
 342         }
 343 #endif
 344
 345         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 346                 str = strdup(mtd);
 347                 mtd = str;
 348         }
 349
 350         r = 0;
 351
 352 resume:
 353         next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 354         if (next) {
 355                 *next = 0;
 356                 next++;
 357         }
 358
 359         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 360         if(fd < 0) {
 361                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 362                 exit(1);
 363         }
 364
 365         if (quiet < 2)
 366                 fprintf(stderr, "Writing from %s to %s ... ", imagefile, mtd);
 367
 368         w = e = 0;
 369         if (!quiet)
 370                 fprintf(stderr, " [ ]");
 371
 372         for (;;) {
 373                 /* buffer may contain data already (from trx check or last mtd partition write attempt) */
 374                 while (buflen < erasesize) {
 375                         r = read(imagefd, buf + buflen, erasesize - buflen);
 376                         if (r < 0) {
 377                                 if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
 378                                         continue;
 379                                 else {
 380                                         perror("read");
 381                                         break;
 382                                 }
 383                         }
 384
 385                         if (r == 0)
 386                                 break;
 387
 388                         buflen += r;
 389                 }
 390
 391                 if (buflen == 0)
 392                         break;
 393
 394                 if (jffs2file) {
 395                         if (memcmp(buf, JFFS2_EOF, sizeof(JFFS2_EOF) - 1) == 0) {
 396                                 if (!quiet)
 397                                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b   ");
 398                                 if (quiet < 2)
 399                                         fprintf(stderr, "\nAppending jffs2 data to from %s to %s...", jffs2file, mtd);
 400                                 /* got an EOF marker - this is the place to add some jffs2 data */
 401                                 mtd_replace_jffs2(mtd, fd, e, jffs2file);
 402                                 goto done;
 403                         }
 404                         /* no EOF marker, make sure we figure out the last inode number
 405                          * before appending some data */
 406                         mtd_parse_jffs2data(buf, jffs2dir);
 407                 }
 408
 409                 /* need to erase the next block before writing data to it */
 410                 while (w + buflen > e) {
 411                         if (!quiet)
 412                                 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[e]");
 413
 414
 415                         if (mtd_erase_block(fd, e) < 0) {
 416                                 if (next) {
 417                                         if (w < e) {
 418                                                 write(fd, buf + offset, e - w);
 419                                                 offset = e - w;
 420                                         }
 421                                         w = 0;
 422                                         e = 0;
 423                                         close(fd);
 424                                         mtd = next;
 425                                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b   \n");
 426                                         goto resume;
 427                                 } else {
 428                                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block\n");
 429                                         exit(1);
 430                                 }
 431                         }
 432
 433                         /* erase the chunk */
 434                         e += erasesize;
 435                 }
 436
 437                 if (!quiet)
 438                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[w]");
 439
 440                 if ((result = write(fd, buf + offset, buflen)) < buflen) {
 441                         if (result < 0) {
 442                                 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing image.\n");
 443                                 exit(1);
 444                         } else {
 445                                 fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient space.\n");
 446                                 exit(1);
 447                         }
 448                 }
 449                 w += buflen;
 450
 451                 buflen = 0;
 452                 offset = 0;
 453         }
 454
 455         if (!quiet)
 456                 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b    ");
 457
 458 done:
 459         if (quiet < 2)
 460                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 461
 462 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 463         if (fis_layout) {
 464                 if (fis_remap(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new) < 0)
 465                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update the FIS partition table\n");
 466         }
 467 #endif
 468
 469         close(fd);
 470         return 0;
 471 }
 472
 473 static void usage(void)
 474 {
 475         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: mtd [<options> ...] <command> [<arguments> ...] <device>[:<device>...]\n\n"
 476         "The device is in the format of mtdX (eg: mtd4) or its label.\n"
 477         "mtd recognizes these commands:\n"
 478         "        unlock                  unlock the device\n"
 479         "        refresh                 refresh mtd partition\n"
 480         "        erase                   erase all data on device\n"
 481         "        write <imagefile>|-     write <imagefile> (use - for stdin) to device\n"
 482         "        jffs2write <file>       append <file> to the jffs2 partition on the device\n"
 483         "Following options are available:\n"
 484         "        -q                      quiet mode (once: no [w] on writing,\n"
 485         "                                           twice: no status messages)\n"
 486         "        -r                      reboot after successful command\n"
 487         "        -f                      force write without trx checks\n"
 488         "        -e <device>             erase <device> before executing the command\n"
 489         "        -d <name>               directory for jffs2write, defaults to \"tmp\"\n"
 490         "        -j <name>               integrate <file> into jffs2 data when writing an image\n"
 491 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 492         "        -F <part>[:<size>[:<entrypoint>]][,<part>...]\n"
 493         "                                alter the fis partition table to create new partitions replacing\n"
 494         "                                the partitions provided as argument to the write command\n"
 495         "                                (only valid together with the write command)\n"
 496 #endif
 497         "\n"
 498         "Example: To write linux.trx to mtd4 labeled as linux and reboot afterwards\n"
 499         "         mtd -r write linux.trx linux\n\n");
 500         exit(1);
 501 }
 502
 503 static void do_reboot(void)
 504 {
 505         fprintf(stderr, "Rebooting ...\n");
 506         fflush(stderr);
 507
 508         /* try regular reboot method first */
 509         system("/sbin/reboot");
 510         sleep(2);
 511
 512         /* if we're still alive at this point, force the kernel to reboot */
 513         syscall(SYS_reboot,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2,LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART,NULL);
 514 }
 515
 516 int main (int argc, char **argv)
 517 {
 518         int ch, i, boot, imagefd = 0, force, unlocked;
 519         char *erase[MAX_ARGS], *device = NULL;
 520         char *fis_layout = NULL;
 521         enum {
 522                 CMD_ERASE,
 523                 CMD_WRITE,
 524                 CMD_UNLOCK,
 525                 CMD_REFRESH,
 526                 CMD_JFFS2WRITE
 527         } cmd = -1;
 528
 529         erase[0] = NULL;
 530         boot = 0;
 531         force = 0;
 532         buflen = 0;
 533         quiet = 0;
 534
 535         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 536 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 537                         "F:"
 538 #endif
 539                         "frqe:d:j:")) != -1)
 540                 switch (ch) {
 541                         case 'f':
 542                                 force = 1;
 543                                 break;
 544                         case 'r':
 545                                 boot = 1;
 546                                 break;
 547                         case 'j':
 548                                 jffs2file = optarg;
 549                                 break;
 550                         case 'q':
 551                                 quiet++;
 552                                 break;
 553                         case 'e':
 554                                 i = 0;
 555                                 while ((erase[i] != NULL) && ((i + 1) < MAX_ARGS))
 556                                         i++;
 557
 558                                 erase[i++] = optarg;
 559                                 erase[i] = NULL;
 560                                 break;
 561                         case 'd':
 562                                 jffs2dir = optarg;
 563                                 break;
 564 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 565                         case 'F':
 566                                 fis_layout = optarg;
 567                                 break;
 568 #endif
 569                         case '?':
 570                         default:
 571                                 usage();
 572                 }
 573         argc -= optind;
 574         argv += optind;
 575
 576         if (argc < 2)
 577                 usage();
 578
 579         if ((strcmp(argv[0], "unlock") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 580                 cmd = CMD_UNLOCK;
 581                 device = argv[1];
 582         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "refresh") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 583                 cmd = CMD_REFRESH;
 584                 device = argv[1];
 585         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "erase") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 586                 cmd = CMD_ERASE;
 587                 device = argv[1];
 588         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
 589                 cmd = CMD_WRITE;
 590                 device = argv[2];
 591
 592                 if (strcmp(argv[1], "-") == 0) {
 593                         imagefile = "<stdin>";
 594                         imagefd = 0;
 595                 } else {
 596                         imagefile = argv[1];
 597                         if ((imagefd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
 598                                 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open image file: %s!\n", imagefile);
 599                                 exit(1);
 600                         }
 601                 }
 602
 603                 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
 604                         fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
 605                         exit(1);
 606                 }
 607                 /* check trx file before erasing or writing anything */
 608                 if (!image_check(imagefd, device) && !force) {
 609                         fprintf(stderr, "Image check failed.\n");
 610                         exit(1);
 611                 }
 612         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "jffs2write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
 613                 cmd = CMD_JFFS2WRITE;
 614                 device = argv[2];
 615
 616                 imagefile = argv[1];
 617                 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
 618                         fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
 619                         exit(1);
 620                 }
 621         } else {
 622                 usage();
 623         }
 624
 625         sync();
 626
 627         i = 0;
 628         unlocked = 0;
 629         while (erase[i] != NULL) {
 630                 mtd_unlock(erase[i]);
 631                 mtd_erase(erase[i]);
 632                 if (strcmp(erase[i], device) == 0)
 633                         unlocked = 1;
 634                 i++;
 635         }
 636
 637         switch (cmd) {
 638                 case CMD_UNLOCK:
 639                         if (!unlocked)
 640                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 641                         break;
 642                 case CMD_ERASE:
 643                         if (!unlocked)
 644                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 645                         mtd_erase(device);
 646                         break;
 647                 case CMD_WRITE:
 648                         if (!unlocked)
 649                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 650                         mtd_write(imagefd, device, fis_layout);
 651                         break;
 652                 case CMD_JFFS2WRITE:
 653                         if (!unlocked)
 654                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 655                         mtd_write_jffs2(device, imagefile, jffs2dir);
 656                         break;
 657                 case CMD_REFRESH:
 658                         mtd_refresh(device);
 659                         break;
 660         }
 661
 662         sync();
 663
 664         if (boot)
 665                 do_reboot();
 666
 667         return 0;
 668 }