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[openwrt.git] / package / mtd / src / mtd.c
1 /*
2 * mtd - simple memory technology device manipulation tool
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2005 Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@dass-it.de>,
5 * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
6 *
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 *
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 *
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
19 *
20 *
21 * The code is based on the linux-mtd examples.
22 */
23
24 #include <limits.h>
25 #include <unistd.h>
26 #include <stdlib.h>
27 #include <stdio.h>
28 #include <stdint.h>
29 #include <signal.h>
30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
31 #include <sys/syscall.h>
32 #include <fcntl.h>
33 #include <errno.h>
34 #include <error.h>
35 #include <time.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
38 #include <sys/types.h>
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/mount.h>
41 #include <sys/stat.h>
42 #include <sys/reboot.h>
43 #include <linux/reboot.h>
44 #include "mtd-api.h"
45 #include "fis.h"
46 #include "mtd.h"
47 #include "crc32.h"
48
49 #define MAX_ARGS 8
50 #define JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR "" /* directory name without /, empty means root dir */
51
52 #if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
53 #define STORE32_LE(X) ((((X) & 0x000000FF) << 24) | (((X) & 0x0000FF00) << 8) | (((X) & 0x00FF0000) >> 8) | (((X) & 0xFF000000) >> 24))
54 #elif __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
55 #define STORE32_LE(X) (X)
56 #else
57 #error unkown endianness!
58 #endif
59
60 ssize_t pread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
61 ssize_t pwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
62
63 #define TRX_MAGIC 0x30524448 /* "HDR0" */
64 struct trx_header {
65 uint32_t magic; /* "HDR0" */
66 uint32_t len; /* Length of file including header */
67 uint32_t crc32; /* 32-bit CRC from flag_version to end of file */
68 uint32_t flag_version; /* 0:15 flags, 16:31 version */
69 uint32_t offsets[3]; /* Offsets of partitions from start of header */
70 };
71
72 static char *buf = NULL;
73 static char *imagefile = NULL;
74 static char *jffs2file = NULL, *jffs2dir = JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR;
75 static int buflen = 0;
76 int quiet;
77 int mtdsize = 0;
78 int erasesize = 0;
79
80 int mtd_open(const char *mtd, bool block)
81 {
82 FILE *fp;
83 char dev[PATH_MAX];
84 int i;
85 int ret;
86 int flags = O_RDWR | O_SYNC;
87
88 if ((fp = fopen("/proc/mtd", "r"))) {
89 while (fgets(dev, sizeof(dev), fp)) {
90 if (sscanf(dev, "mtd%d:", &i) && strstr(dev, mtd)) {
91 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s/%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
92 if ((ret=open(dev, flags))<0) {
93 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
94 ret=open(dev, flags);
95 }
96 fclose(fp);
97 return ret;
98 }
99 }
100 fclose(fp);
101 }
102
103 return open(mtd, flags);
104 }
105
106 int mtd_check_open(const char *mtd)
107 {
108 struct mtd_info_user mtdInfo;
109 int fd;
110
111 fd = mtd_open(mtd, false);
112 if(fd < 0) {
113 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
114 return -1;
115 }
116
117 if(ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &mtdInfo)) {
118 fprintf(stderr, "Could not get MTD device info from %s\n", mtd);
119 close(fd);
120 return -1;
121 }
122 mtdsize = mtdInfo.size;
123 erasesize = mtdInfo.erasesize;
124
125 return fd;
126 }
127
128 int mtd_erase_block(int fd, int offset)
129 {
130 struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
131
132 mtdEraseInfo.start = offset;
133 mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
134 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
135 if (ioctl (fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo) < 0)
136 return -1;
137
138 return 0;
139 }
140
141 int mtd_write_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, int offset, int length)
142 {
143 lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
144 write(fd, buf, length);
145 return 0;
146 }
147
148
149 static int
150 image_check(int imagefd, const char *mtd)
151 {
152 int ret = 1;
153 #ifdef target_brcm
154 ret = trx_check(imagefd, mtd, buf, &buflen);
155 #endif
156 return ret;
157 }
158
159 static int mtd_check(const char *mtd)
160 {
161 char *next = NULL;
162 char *str = NULL;
163 int fd;
164
165 if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
166 str = strdup(mtd);
167 mtd = str;
168 }
169
170 do {
171 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
172 if (next) {
173 *next = 0;
174 next++;
175 }
176
177 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
178 if (fd < 0)
179 return 0;
180
181 if (!buf)
182 buf = malloc(erasesize);
183
184 close(fd);
185 mtd = next;
186 } while (next);
187
188 if (str)
189 free(str);
190
191 return 1;
192 }
193
194 static int
195 mtd_unlock(const char *mtd)
196 {
197 struct erase_info_user mtdLockInfo;
198 char *next = NULL;
199 char *str = NULL;
200 int fd;
201
202 if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
203 str = strdup(mtd);
204 mtd = str;
205 }
206
207 do {
208 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
209 if (next) {
210 *next = 0;
211 next++;
212 }
213
214 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
215 if(fd < 0) {
216 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
217 exit(1);
218 }
219
220 if (quiet < 2)
221 fprintf(stderr, "Unlocking %s ...\n", mtd);
222
223 mtdLockInfo.start = 0;
224 mtdLockInfo.length = mtdsize;
225 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdLockInfo);
226 close(fd);
227 mtd = next;
228 } while (next);
229
230 if (str)
231 free(str);
232
233 return 0;
234 }
235
236 static int
237 mtd_erase(const char *mtd)
238 {
239 int fd;
240 struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
241
242 if (quiet < 2)
243 fprintf(stderr, "Erasing %s ...\n", mtd);
244
245 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
246 if(fd < 0) {
247 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
248 exit(1);
249 }
250
251 mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
252
253 for (mtdEraseInfo.start = 0;
254 mtdEraseInfo.start < mtdsize;
255 mtdEraseInfo.start += erasesize) {
256
257 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
258 if(ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo))
259 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block on %s at 0x%x\n", mtd, mtdEraseInfo.start);
260 }
261
262 close(fd);
263 return 0;
264
265 }
266
267 static int
268 mtd_fixtrx(const char *mtd, size_t offset)
269 {
270 int fd;
271 struct trx_header *trx;
272 char *buf;
273 ssize_t res;
274 size_t block_offset;
275
276 if (quiet < 2)
277 fprintf(stderr, "Trying to fix trx header in %s at 0x%x...\n", mtd, offset);
278
279 block_offset = offset & ~(erasesize - 1);
280 offset -= block_offset;
281
282 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
283 if(fd < 0) {
284 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
285 exit(1);
286 }
287
288 if (block_offset + erasesize > mtdsize) {
289 fprintf(stderr, "Offset too large, device size 0x%x\n", mtdsize);
290 exit(1);
291 }
292
293 buf = malloc(erasesize);
294 if (!buf) {
295 perror("malloc");
296 exit(1);
297 }
298
299 res = pread(fd, buf, erasesize, block_offset);
300 if (res != erasesize) {
301 perror("pread");
302 exit(1);
303 }
304
305 trx = (struct trx_header *) (buf + offset);
306 if (trx->magic != STORE32_LE(0x30524448)) {
307 fprintf(stderr, "No trx magic found\n");
308 exit(1);
309 }
310
311 if (trx->len == STORE32_LE(erasesize - offset)) {
312 if (quiet < 2)
313 fprintf(stderr, "Header already fixed, exiting\n");
314 close(fd);
315 return 0;
316 }
317
318 trx->len = STORE32_LE(erasesize - offset);
319
320 trx->crc32 = STORE32_LE(crc32buf((char*) &trx->flag_version, erasesize - offset - 3*4));
321 if (mtd_erase_block(fd, block_offset)) {
322 fprintf(stderr, "Can't erease block at 0x%x (%s)\n", block_offset, strerror(errno));
323 exit(1);
324 }
325
326 if (quiet < 2)
327 fprintf(stderr, "New crc32: 0x%x, rewriting block\n", trx->crc32);
328
329 if (pwrite(fd, buf, erasesize, block_offset) != erasesize) {
330 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing block (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
331 exit(1);
332 }
333
334 if (quiet < 2)
335 fprintf(stderr, "Done.\n");
336
337 close (fd);
338 sync();
339 return 0;
340
341 }
342
343 static int
344 mtd_refresh(const char *mtd)
345 {
346 int fd;
347
348 if (quiet < 2)
349 fprintf(stderr, "Refreshing mtd partition %s ... ", mtd);
350
351 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
352 if(fd < 0) {
353 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
354 exit(1);
355 }
356
357 if (ioctl(fd, MTDREFRESH, NULL)) {
358 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to refresh the MTD device\n");
359 close(fd);
360 exit(1);
361 }
362 close(fd);
363
364 if (quiet < 2)
365 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
366
367 return 0;
368 }
369
370 static int
371 mtd_write(int imagefd, const char *mtd, char *fis_layout)
372 {
373 char *next = NULL;
374 char *str = NULL;
375 int fd, result;
376 ssize_t r, w, e;
377 uint32_t offset = 0;
378
379 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
380 static struct fis_part new_parts[MAX_ARGS];
381 static struct fis_part old_parts[MAX_ARGS];
382 int n_new = 0, n_old = 0;
383
384 if (fis_layout) {
385 const char *tmp = mtd;
386 char *word, *brkt;
387 int ret;
388
389 memset(&old_parts, 0, sizeof(old_parts));
390 memset(&new_parts, 0, sizeof(new_parts));
391
392 do {
393 next = strchr(tmp, ':');
394 if (!next)
395 next = (char *) tmp + strlen(tmp);
396
397 memcpy(old_parts[n_old].name, tmp, next - tmp);
398
399 n_old++;
400 tmp = next + 1;
401 } while(*next);
402
403 for (word = strtok_r(fis_layout, ",", &brkt);
404 word;
405 word = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &brkt)) {
406
407 tmp = strtok(word, ":");
408 strncpy((char *) new_parts[n_new].name, tmp, sizeof(new_parts[n_new].name) - 1);
409
410 tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
411 if (!tmp)
412 goto next;
413
414 new_parts[n_new].size = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 0);
415
416 tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
417 if (!tmp)
418 goto next;
419
420 new_parts[n_new].loadaddr = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 16);
421 next:
422 n_new++;
423 }
424 ret = fis_validate(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new);
425 if (ret < 0) {
426 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to validate the new FIS partition table\n");
427 exit(1);
428 }
429 if (ret == 0)
430 fis_layout = NULL;
431 }
432 #endif
433
434 if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
435 str = strdup(mtd);
436 mtd = str;
437 }
438
439 r = 0;
440
441 resume:
442 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
443 if (next) {
444 *next = 0;
445 next++;
446 }
447
448 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
449 if(fd < 0) {
450 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
451 exit(1);
452 }
453
454 if (quiet < 2)
455 fprintf(stderr, "Writing from %s to %s ... ", imagefile, mtd);
456
457 w = e = 0;
458 if (!quiet)
459 fprintf(stderr, " [ ]");
460
461 for (;;) {
462 /* buffer may contain data already (from trx check or last mtd partition write attempt) */
463 while (buflen < erasesize) {
464 r = read(imagefd, buf + buflen, erasesize - buflen);
465 if (r < 0) {
466 if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
467 continue;
468 else {
469 perror("read");
470 break;
471 }
472 }
473
474 if (r == 0)
475 break;
476
477 buflen += r;
478 }
479
480 if (buflen == 0)
481 break;
482
483 if (jffs2file) {
484 if (memcmp(buf, JFFS2_EOF, sizeof(JFFS2_EOF) - 1) == 0) {
485 if (!quiet)
486 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b ");
487 if (quiet < 2)
488 fprintf(stderr, "\nAppending jffs2 data from %s to %s...", jffs2file, mtd);
489 /* got an EOF marker - this is the place to add some jffs2 data */
490 mtd_replace_jffs2(mtd, fd, e, jffs2file);
491 goto done;
492 }
493 /* no EOF marker, make sure we figure out the last inode number
494 * before appending some data */
495 mtd_parse_jffs2data(buf, jffs2dir);
496 }
497
498 /* need to erase the next block before writing data to it */
499 while (w + buflen > e) {
500 if (!quiet)
501 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[e]");
502
503
504 if (mtd_erase_block(fd, e) < 0) {
505 if (next) {
506 if (w < e) {
507 write(fd, buf + offset, e - w);
508 offset = e - w;
509 }
510 w = 0;
511 e = 0;
512 close(fd);
513 mtd = next;
514 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b \n");
515 goto resume;
516 } else {
517 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block\n");
518 exit(1);
519 }
520 }
521
522 /* erase the chunk */
523 e += erasesize;
524 }
525
526 if (!quiet)
527 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[w]");
528
529 if ((result = write(fd, buf + offset, buflen)) < buflen) {
530 if (result < 0) {
531 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing image.\n");
532 exit(1);
533 } else {
534 fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient space.\n");
535 exit(1);
536 }
537 }
538 w += buflen;
539
540 buflen = 0;
541 offset = 0;
542 }
543
544 if (!quiet)
545 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b ");
546
547 done:
548 if (quiet < 2)
549 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
550
551 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
552 if (fis_layout) {
553 if (fis_remap(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new) < 0)
554 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update the FIS partition table\n");
555 }
556 #endif
557
558 close(fd);
559 return 0;
560 }
561
562 static void usage(void)
563 {
564 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: mtd [<options> ...] <command> [<arguments> ...] <device>[:<device>...]\n\n"
565 "The device is in the format of mtdX (eg: mtd4) or its label.\n"
566 "mtd recognizes these commands:\n"
567 " unlock unlock the device\n"
568 " refresh refresh mtd partition\n"
569 " erase erase all data on device\n"
570 " write <imagefile>|- write <imagefile> (use - for stdin) to device\n"
571 " jffs2write <file> append <file> to the jffs2 partition on the device\n"
572 " fixtrx fix the checksum in a trx header on first boot\n"
573 "Following options are available:\n"
574 " -q quiet mode (once: no [w] on writing,\n"
575 " twice: no status messages)\n"
576 " -r reboot after successful command\n"
577 " -f force write without trx checks\n"
578 " -e <device> erase <device> before executing the command\n"
579 " -d <name> directory for jffs2write, defaults to \"tmp\"\n"
580 " -j <name> integrate <file> into jffs2 data when writing an image\n"
581 " -o offset offset of the trx header in the partition (for fixtrx)\n"
582 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
583 " -F <part>[:<size>[:<entrypoint>]][,<part>...]\n"
584 " alter the fis partition table to create new partitions replacing\n"
585 " the partitions provided as argument to the write command\n"
586 " (only valid together with the write command)\n"
587 #endif
588 "\n"
589 "Example: To write linux.trx to mtd4 labeled as linux and reboot afterwards\n"
590 " mtd -r write linux.trx linux\n\n");
591 exit(1);
592 }
593
594 static void do_reboot(void)
595 {
596 fprintf(stderr, "Rebooting ...\n");
597 fflush(stderr);
598
599 /* try regular reboot method first */
600 system("/sbin/reboot");
601 sleep(2);
602
603 /* if we're still alive at this point, force the kernel to reboot */
604 syscall(SYS_reboot,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2,LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART,NULL);
605 }
606
607 int main (int argc, char **argv)
608 {
609 int ch, i, boot, imagefd = 0, force, unlocked;
610 char *erase[MAX_ARGS], *device = NULL;
611 char *fis_layout = NULL;
612 size_t offset = 0;
613 enum {
614 CMD_ERASE,
615 CMD_WRITE,
616 CMD_UNLOCK,
617 CMD_REFRESH,
618 CMD_JFFS2WRITE,
619 CMD_FIXTRX,
620 } cmd = -1;
621
622 erase[0] = NULL;
623 boot = 0;
624 force = 0;
625 buflen = 0;
626 quiet = 0;
627
628 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
629 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
630 "F:"
631 #endif
632 "frqe:d:j:o:")) != -1)
633 switch (ch) {
634 case 'f':
635 force = 1;
636 break;
637 case 'r':
638 boot = 1;
639 break;
640 case 'j':
641 jffs2file = optarg;
642 break;
643 case 'q':
644 quiet++;
645 break;
646 case 'e':
647 i = 0;
648 while ((erase[i] != NULL) && ((i + 1) < MAX_ARGS))
649 i++;
650
651 erase[i++] = optarg;
652 erase[i] = NULL;
653 break;
654 case 'd':
655 jffs2dir = optarg;
656 break;
657 case 'o':
658 errno = 0;
659 offset = strtoul(optarg, 0, 0);
660 if (errno) {
661 fprintf(stderr, "-o: illegal numeric string\n");
662 usage();
663 }
664 break;
665 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
666 case 'F':
667 fis_layout = optarg;
668 break;
669 #endif
670 case '?':
671 default:
672 usage();
673 }
674 argc -= optind;
675 argv += optind;
676
677 if (argc < 2)
678 usage();
679
680 if ((strcmp(argv[0], "unlock") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
681 cmd = CMD_UNLOCK;
682 device = argv[1];
683 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "refresh") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
684 cmd = CMD_REFRESH;
685 device = argv[1];
686 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "erase") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
687 cmd = CMD_ERASE;
688 device = argv[1];
689 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "fixtrx") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
690 cmd = CMD_FIXTRX;
691 device = argv[1];
692 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
693 cmd = CMD_WRITE;
694 device = argv[2];
695
696 if (strcmp(argv[1], "-") == 0) {
697 imagefile = "<stdin>";
698 imagefd = 0;
699 } else {
700 imagefile = argv[1];
701 if ((imagefd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
702 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open image file: %s!\n", imagefile);
703 exit(1);
704 }
705 }
706
707 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
708 fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
709 exit(1);
710 }
711 /* check trx file before erasing or writing anything */
712 if (!image_check(imagefd, device) && !force) {
713 fprintf(stderr, "Image check failed.\n");
714 exit(1);
715 }
716 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "jffs2write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
717 cmd = CMD_JFFS2WRITE;
718 device = argv[2];
719
720 imagefile = argv[1];
721 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
722 fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
723 exit(1);
724 }
725 } else {
726 usage();
727 }
728
729 sync();
730
731 i = 0;
732 unlocked = 0;
733 while (erase[i] != NULL) {
734 mtd_unlock(erase[i]);
735 mtd_erase(erase[i]);
736 if (strcmp(erase[i], device) == 0)
737 unlocked = 1;
738 i++;
739 }
740
741 switch (cmd) {
742 case CMD_UNLOCK:
743 if (!unlocked)
744 mtd_unlock(device);
745 break;
746 case CMD_ERASE:
747 if (!unlocked)
748 mtd_unlock(device);
749 mtd_erase(device);
750 break;
751 case CMD_WRITE:
752 if (!unlocked)
753 mtd_unlock(device);
754 mtd_write(imagefd, device, fis_layout);
755 break;
756 case CMD_JFFS2WRITE:
757 if (!unlocked)
758 mtd_unlock(device);
759 mtd_write_jffs2(device, imagefile, jffs2dir);
760 break;
761 case CMD_REFRESH:
762 mtd_refresh(device);
763 break;
764 case CMD_FIXTRX:
765 mtd_fixtrx(device, offset);
766 break;
767 }
768
769 sync();
770
771 if (boot)
772 do_reboot();
773
774 return 0;
775 }
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