scripts/flashing/adam2flash-502T.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/env perl
   2 #
   3 #   D-Link DSL-502T flash utility
   4 #
   5 #   Copyright (c) 2007 Oliver Jowett <oliver@opencloud.com>
   6 #
   7 #   Based on adam2flash.pl for the D-Link DSL-G6x4T, which is:
   8 #   Copyright (C) 2005 Felix Fietkau <mailto@nbd.name>
   9 #   based on fbox recovery util by Enrik Berkhan
  10 #
  11 #   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  12 #   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  13 #   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  14 #   (at your option) any later version.
  15 #
  16 #   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  17 #   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  18 #   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  19 #   GNU General Public License for more details.
  20 #
  21 #   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  22 #   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  23 #   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  24 #
  25
  26 # The default DSL-502T mtd map looks like this:
  27 #
  28 # mtd0 0x90091000,0x903f0000    # filesystem
  29 # mtd1 0x90010090,0x90091000    # kernel
  30 # mtd2 0x90000000,0x90010000    # bootloader - DO NOT MODIFY
  31 # mtd3 0x903f0000,0x90400000    # config space - DO NOT MODIFY
  32 # mtd4 0x90010000,0x903f0000    # firmware signature + kernel + filesystem, used to flash new firmware
  33 #
  34 # i.e. the flash layout is:
  35 #
  36 # 90000000-9000FFFF mtd2 bootloader
  37 # 90010000-9001008F ---- firmware signature )
  38 # 90010090-90090FFF mtd1 kernel             ) mtd4 spans these three regions
  39 # 90091000-903EFFFF mtd0 filesystem         )
  40 # 903F0000-903FFFFF mtd3 config space
  41 #
  42 # The ADAM2 bootloader uses the mtd1 settings to find the start of the image to boot.
  43 # The image to load contains information about the loadable size of the image. If ADAM2 sees
  44 # that the image appears to extend beyond the end of mtd1, it will refuse to load it. On
  45 # the DSL-502T, this manifests as the USB light blinking rapidly on boot.
  46 #
  47 # The OpenWRT kernel does not follow quite the same layout:
  48 #  (a) it does not have a 0x90-byte firmware signature prefix
  49 #  (b) it is larger than the default mtd1 size
  50 #
  51 # (a) would be avoidable (build a custom image with a 0x90-byte prefix) but (b) is unavoidable.
  52 # So we *have* to change mtd1. The simplest thing to do seems to make it span all of
  53 # the flashable area, producing this layout:
  54 #
  55 # mtd0 0x90091000,0x903f0000    # filesystem
  56 # mtd1 0x90010000,0x903f0000    # kernel (CHANGED)
  57 # mtd2 0x90000000,0x90010000    # bootloader - DO NOT MODIFY
  58 # mtd3 0x903f0000,0x90400000    # config space - DO NOT MODIFY
  59 # mtd4 0x90010000,0x903f0000    # kernel + filesystem, used to flash new firmware
  60 #
  61 # *** NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE ***
  62 #
  63 # /dev/mtd0 .. /dev/mtd4 when using OpenWRT do **NOT** correspond to the ADAM2 mtd0-4 settings!
  64 # Instead, OpenWRT scans the MTD itself and determines its own boundaries which are arranged
  65 # quite differently to ADAM2. It will look something like this, see dmsg on boot:
  66 #
  67 # (/dev/mtd0) 0x00000000-0x00010000 : "loader"        # Bootloader, read-only
  68 # (/dev/mtd1) 0x003f0000-0x00400000 : "config"        # Config space
  69 # (/dev/mtd2) 0x00010000-0x003f0000 : "linux"         # Firmware area (kernel + root fs + JFFS area)
  70 # (/dev/mtd3) 0x000d0d58-0x003f0000 : "rootfs"        # Root FS, starts immediately after kernel
  71 # (/dev/mtd4) 0x00280000-0x003f0000 : "rootfs_data"   # If rootfs is squashfs, start of JFFS area.
  72 #
  73 # All of those boundaries are autodetected by examining the data in flash.
  74 #
  75 # *** NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE ***
  76
  77 use IO::Socket::INET;
  78 use Socket;
  79 use strict;
  80 use warnings;
  81
  82 sub usage() {
  83         print STDERR "Usage: $0 <ip> [-setmtd1] [-noflash] [firmware.bin]\n\n";
  84         print STDERR "Acquires the ADAM2 bootloader of a D-Link DSL-504T at <ip>\n";
  85         print STDERR "Power off the device, start this script, then power it on.\n";
  86         print STDERR "<ip> may be any spare address on the local subnet.\n\n";
  87         print STDERR "If a firmware file is specified, MTD settings are verified and\n";
  88         print STDERR "then the firmware is written to the router's flash.\n";
  89         print STDERR "The firmware type (D-Link or OpenWRT) is automatically detected.\n\n";
  90         print STDERR "  -setmtd1  update mtd1 if it is not the appropriate value for this firmware\n";
  91         print STDERR "  -noflash  does normal checks, updates mtd1 if requested, but does not actually write firmware\n\n";
  92         exit 0;
  93 }
  94
  95 my $ip = shift @ARGV;
  96 $ip and $ip =~ /\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}/ or usage();
  97
  98 my $probe = IO::Socket::INET->new(Proto => 'udp',
  99                                   Broadcast => 1,
 100                                   LocalPort => 5035) or die "socket: $!";
 101 my $setip = unpack("N", inet_aton($ip));
 102 $setip > 0 or usage();
 103
 104 my @packets;
 105 foreach my $ver ([18, 1], [22, 2]) {
 106         push @packets, pack("vCCVNV", 0, @$ver, 1, $setip, 0);
 107 }
 108 print STDERR "Looking for device: ";
 109 my $broadcast = sockaddr_in(5035, INADDR_BROADCAST);
 110 my $scanning;
 111 my $box;
 112
 113 $SIG{"ALRM"} = sub {
 114         return if --$scanning <= 0;
 115         foreach my $packet (@packets) {
 116                 $probe->send($packet, 0, $broadcast);
 117         }
 118         print STDERR ".";
 119 };
 120
 121 $scanning = 15;
 122 foreach my $packet (@packets) {
 123         $probe->send($packet, 0, $broadcast);
 124 }
 125 print STDERR ".";
 126
 127 while($scanning) {
 128         my $reply;
 129
 130         alarm(1);
 131         if (my $peer = $probe->recv($reply, 16)) {
 132                 next if (length($reply) < 16);
 133                 my ($port, $addr) = sockaddr_in($peer);
 134                 my ($major, $minor1, $minor2, $code, $addr2) = unpack("vCCVV", $reply);
 135                 $addr2 = pack("N", $addr2);
 136                 if ($code == 2) {
 137                         $scanning = 0;
 138                         printf STDERR " found!\nADAM2 version $major.$minor1.$minor2 at %s (%s)\n", inet_ntoa($addr), inet_ntoa($addr2);
 139                         $box = inet_ntoa($addr);
 140                 }
 141         }
 142 }
 143
 144 $box or die " not found!\n";
 145
 146 alarm(0);
 147
 148 {
 149         package ADAM2FTP;
 150         use base qw(Net::FTP);
 151
 152         # ADAM2 requires upper case commands, some brain dead firewall doesn't ;-)
 153         sub _USER {
 154                 shift->command("USER",@_)->response()
 155         }
 156
 157         sub _GETENV {
 158                 my $ftp = shift;
 159                 my ($ok, $name, $value);
 160
 161                 $ftp->command("GETENV",@_);
 162                         while(length($ok = $ftp->response()) < 1) {
 163                         my $line = $ftp->getline();
 164                         unless (defined($value)) {
 165                                 chomp($line);
 166                                 ($name, $value) = split(/\s+/, $line, 2);
 167                         }
 168                 }
 169                 $ftp->debug_print(0, "getenv: $value\n")
 170                 if $ftp->debug();
 171                 return $value;
 172         }
 173
 174         sub getenv {
 175                 my $ftp = shift;
 176                 my $name = shift;
 177                 return $ftp->_GETENV($name);
 178         }
 179
 180         sub _REBOOT {
 181                 shift->command("REBOOT")->response() == Net::FTP::CMD_OK
 182         }
 183
 184         sub reboot {
 185                 my $ftp = shift;
 186                 $ftp->_REBOOT;
 187                 $ftp->close;
 188         }
 189 }
 190
 191 my $file;
 192 my $arg;
 193 my $noflash = 0;
 194 my $setmtd1 = 0;
 195 while ($arg = shift @ARGV) {
 196   if ($arg eq "-noflash") { $noflash = 1; }
 197   elsif ($arg eq "-setmtd1") { $setmtd1 = 1; }
 198   else { $file = $arg; }
 199 }
 200
 201 if (!$file) {
 202   print STDERR "No firmware file specified, exiting.\n";
 203   exit 0;
 204 }
 205
 206 #
 207 # Firmware checks
 208 #
 209
 210 open FILE, "<$file" or die "can't open firmware file\n";
 211
 212 # D-Link firmware starts with "MTD4" little-endian, then has an image header at 0x90
 213 # OpenWRT firmware just starts with an image header at 0x00
 214
 215 my $signature;
 216 my $sbytes = read FILE, $signature, 4;
 217 ($sbytes == 4) or die "can't read firmware signature: $!";
 218
 219 my $expectedmtd4 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000";
 220 my $fwtype;
 221 my $expectedmtd1;
 222
 223 if ($signature eq "4DTM") {
 224   seek FILE, 0x90, 0 or die "can't read firmware signature: $!";
 225   $sbytes = read FILE, $signature, 4;
 226   ($sbytes == 4) or die "can't read firmware signature: $!";
 227   if ($signature eq "\x42\xfa\xed\xfe") {
 228     $fwtype = "D-Link (little-endian)";
 229     $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010090,0x90091000";
 230   } elsif ($signature eq "\xde\xad\xbe\x42") {
 231     $fwtype = "D-Link (big-endian)";
 232     $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010090,0x90091000";
 233   }
 234 } elsif ($signature eq "\x42\xfa\xed\xfe") {
 235   $fwtype = "OpenWRT (little-endian)";
 236   $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000";
 237 } elsif ($signature eq "\xde\xad\xbe\x42") {
 238   $fwtype = "OpenWRT (big-endian)";
 239   $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000";
 240 }
 241
 242 $fwtype or die "Unknown firmware signature (are you sure that's the right firmware?)";
 243 print STDERR "Firmware type: $fwtype\n";
 244
 245 #
 246 # Bootloader login
 247 #
 248
 249 print STDERR "logging into ADAM2 bootloader.. ";
 250 my $ftp = ADAM2FTP->new($box, Debug => 0, Timeout => 600) or die "can't open control connection\n";
 251 $ftp->login("adam2", "adam2") or die "can't login\n";
 252 print STDERR "ok.\n";
 253
 254 #
 255 # Hardware checks
 256 #
 257
 258 print STDERR "checking hardware.. ";
 259 my $prd = $ftp->getenv("ProductID");
 260 my $usb = $ftp->getenv("usb_prod");
 261 print STDERR "$prd / $usb.\n";
 262 ($prd eq "AR7RD" || $prd eq "AR7DB") or die "doesn't look like a DSL-502T?";
 263 ($usb eq "DSL-502T") or die "doesn't look like a DSL-502T?";
 264
 265 #
 266 # MTD checks and update
 267 #
 268
 269 print STDERR "checking MTD settings.. ";
 270
 271 my $mtd4 = $ftp->getenv("mtd4");
 272 ($mtd4 eq $expectedmtd4) or die "MTD4 was not as expected (should be '$expectedmtd4', was '$mtd4'). Cowardly refusing to do anything about it!";
 273
 274 # check MTD1 setting and update if needed
 275 my $mtd1 = $ftp->getenv("mtd1");
 276 if ($mtd1 ne $expectedmtd1) {
 277   die "MTD1 was not as expected (should be '$expectedmtd1', was '$mtd1'). Run with -setmtd1 to reset mtd1" unless ($setmtd1);
 278   print STDERR "Setting mtd1.. ";
 279   ($ftp->command("SETENV","mtd1,$expectedmtd1")->response() == Net::FTP::CMD_OK) or die "can't set mtd1";
 280   $file = shift @ARGV;
 281 }
 282
 283 print STDERR "ok.\n";
 284
 285 #
 286 # Firmware size check
 287 #
 288
 289 my $fwsize = (stat(FILE))[7];
 290 printf STDERR "Firmware size: 0x%08x\n", $fwsize;
 291 my $flashsize;
 292 $mtd4 =~ /^(0x\w+),(0x\w+)$/ and $flashsize = hex($2) - hex($1);
 293 printf STDERR "Available flash space: 0x%08x\n", $flashsize;
 294 die "firmware is too large" if ($flashsize < $fwsize);
 295
 296 #
 297 # Flash it!
 298 #
 299
 300 if ($noflash) {
 301   print STDERR "Not flashing firmware as -noflash was specified.\n";
 302   exit 0;
 303 }
 304
 305 seek FILE, 0, 0, or die "can't seek in firmware: $!";
 306
 307 print STDERR "Preparing to flash.. ";
 308 ($ftp->command("MEDIA FLSH")->response() == Net::FTP::CMD_OK) or die "can't set MEDIA FLSH";
 309 $ftp->binary() or die "can't set binary mode";
 310 print STDERR "ok.\n";
 311 print STDERR "Erasing flash and establishing data connection (this may take a while): ";
 312
 313 my $dc = $ftp->stor("fs mtd4");
 314 $dc or die "can't open data connection: $!\n";
 315 print STDERR "ok.\n";
 316
 317 print STDERR "Writing firmware: ";
 318 while ($fwsize > 0) {
 319         my $buffer;
 320         my $len = ($fwsize > 1024 ? 1024 : $fwsize);
 321
 322         my $rbytes = read FILE, $buffer, $len;
 323         ($rbytes < 0) and die "read error on firmware file: $!";
 324         ($rbytes == $len) or die "short read on firmware file ($rbytes < $len)";
 325
 326         my $wbytes = $dc->write($buffer, $len, 600);
 327         ($wbytes < 0) and die "write error on FTP data connection: $!";
 328         ($rbytes == $wbytes) or die "short write on FTP data connection ($wbytes < $rbytes)";
 329
 330         $fwsize -= $len;
 331         print STDERR ".";
 332 }
 333
 334 $dc->close();
 335 print STDERR " done.\n";
 336
 337 #
 338 # Reboot
 339 #
 340
 341 print STDERR "Rebooting device.\n";
 342 $ftp->reboot();