3 # D-Link DSL-502T flash utility
5 # Copyright (c) 2007 Oliver Jowett <oliver@opencloud.com>
7 # Based on adam2flash.pl for the D-Link DSL-G6x4T, which is:
8 # Copyright (C) 2005 Felix Fietkau <mailto@nbd.name>
9 # based on fbox recovery util by Enrik Berkhan
11 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
12 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
13 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
14 # (at your option) any later version.
16 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
17 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
18 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
19 # GNU General Public License for more details.
21 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
22 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
23 # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
26 # The default DSL-502T mtd map looks like this:
28 # mtd0 0x90091000,0x903f0000 # filesystem
29 # mtd1 0x90010090,0x90091000 # kernel
30 # mtd2 0x90000000,0x90010000 # bootloader - DO NOT MODIFY
31 # mtd3 0x903f0000,0x90400000 # config space - DO NOT MODIFY
32 # mtd4 0x90010000,0x903f0000 # firmware signature + kernel + filesystem, used to flash new firmware
34 # i.e. the flash layout is:
36 # 90000000-9000FFFF mtd2 bootloader
37 # 90010000-9001008F ---- firmware signature )
38 # 90010090-90090FFF mtd1 kernel ) mtd4 spans these three regions
39 # 90091000-903EFFFF mtd0 filesystem )
40 # 903F0000-903FFFFF mtd3 config space
42 # The ADAM2 bootloader uses the mtd1 settings to find the start of the image to boot.
43 # The image to load contains information about the loadable size of the image. If ADAM2 sees
44 # that the image appears to extend beyond the end of mtd1, it will refuse to load it. On
45 # the DSL-502T, this manifests as the USB light blinking rapidly on boot.
47 # The OpenWRT kernel does not follow quite the same layout:
48 # (a) it does not have a 0x90-byte firmware signature prefix
49 # (b) it is larger than the default mtd1 size
51 # (a) would be avoidable (build a custom image with a 0x90-byte prefix) but (b) is unavoidable.
52 # So we *have* to change mtd1. The simplest thing to do seems to make it span all of
53 # the flashable area, producing this layout:
55 # mtd0 0x90091000,0x903f0000 # filesystem
56 # mtd1 0x90010000,0x903f0000 # kernel (CHANGED)
57 # mtd2 0x90000000,0x90010000 # bootloader - DO NOT MODIFY
58 # mtd3 0x903f0000,0x90400000 # config space - DO NOT MODIFY
59 # mtd4 0x90010000,0x903f0000 # kernel + filesystem, used to flash new firmware
61 # *** NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE ***
63 # /dev/mtd0 .. /dev/mtd4 when using OpenWRT do **NOT** correspond to the ADAM2 mtd0-4 settings!
64 # Instead, OpenWRT scans the MTD itself and determines its own boundaries which are arranged
65 # quite differently to ADAM2. It will look something like this, see dmsg on boot:
67 # (/dev/mtd0) 0x00000000-0x00010000 : "loader" # Bootloader, read-only
68 # (/dev/mtd1) 0x003f0000-0x00400000 : "config" # Config space
69 # (/dev/mtd2) 0x00010000-0x003f0000 : "linux" # Firmware area (kernel + root fs + JFFS area)
70 # (/dev/mtd3) 0x000d0d58-0x003f0000 : "rootfs" # Root FS, starts immediately after kernel
71 # (/dev/mtd4) 0x00280000-0x003f0000 : "rootfs_data" # If rootfs is squashfs, start of JFFS area.
73 # All of those boundaries are autodetected by examining the data in flash.
75 # *** NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE ***
83 print STDERR
"Usage: $0 <ip> [-setmtd1] [-noflash] [firmware.bin]\n\n";
84 print STDERR
"Acquires the ADAM2 bootloader of a D-Link DSL-504T at <ip>\n";
85 print STDERR
"Power off the device, start this script, then power it on.\n";
86 print STDERR
"<ip> may be any spare address on the local subnet.\n\n";
87 print STDERR
"If a firmware file is specified, MTD settings are verified and\n";
88 print STDERR
"then the firmware is written to the router's flash.\n";
89 print STDERR
"The firmware type (D-Link or OpenWRT) is automatically detected.\n\n";
90 print STDERR
" -setmtd1 update mtd1 if it is not the appropriate value for this firmware\n";
91 print STDERR
" -noflash does normal checks, updates mtd1 if requested, but does not actually write firmware\n\n";
96 $ip and $ip =~ /\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}/ or usage
();
98 my $probe = IO
::Socket
::INET
->new(Proto
=> 'udp',
100 LocalPort
=> 5035) or die "socket: $!";
101 my $setip = unpack("N", inet_aton
($ip));
102 $setip > 0 or usage
();
105 foreach my $ver ([18, 1], [22, 2]) {
106 push @packets, pack("vCCVNV", 0, @
$ver, 1, $setip, 0);
108 print STDERR
"Looking for device: ";
109 my $broadcast = sockaddr_in
(5035, INADDR_BROADCAST
);
114 return if --$scanning <= 0;
115 foreach my $packet (@packets) {
116 $probe->send($packet, 0, $broadcast);
122 foreach my $packet (@packets) {
123 $probe->send($packet, 0, $broadcast);
131 if (my $peer = $probe->recv($reply, 16)) {
132 next if (length($reply) < 16);
133 my ($port, $addr) = sockaddr_in
($peer);
134 my ($major, $minor1, $minor2, $code, $addr2) = unpack("vCCVV", $reply);
135 $addr2 = pack("N", $addr2);
138 printf STDERR
" found!\nADAM2 version $major.$minor1.$minor2 at %s (%s)\n", inet_ntoa
($addr), inet_ntoa
($addr2);
139 $box = inet_ntoa
($addr);
144 $box or die " not found!\n";
150 use base
qw(Net::FTP);
152 # ADAM2 requires upper case commands, some brain dead firewall doesn't ;-)
154 shift->command("USER",@_)->response()
159 my ($ok, $name, $value);
161 $ftp->command("GETENV",@_);
162 while(length($ok = $ftp->response()) < 1) {
163 my $line = $ftp->getline();
164 unless (defined($value)) {
166 ($name, $value) = split(/\s+/, $line, 2);
169 $ftp->debug_print(0, "getenv: $value\n")
177 return $ftp->_GETENV($name);
181 shift->command("REBOOT")->response() == Net
::FTP
::CMD_OK
195 while ($arg = shift @ARGV) {
196 if ($arg eq "-noflash") { $noflash = 1; }
197 elsif ($arg eq "-setmtd1") { $setmtd1 = 1; }
198 else { $file = $arg; }
202 print STDERR
"No firmware file specified, exiting.\n";
210 open FILE
, "<$file" or die "can't open firmware file\n";
212 # D-Link firmware starts with "MTD4" little-endian, then has an image header at 0x90
213 # OpenWRT firmware just starts with an image header at 0x00
216 my $sbytes = read FILE
, $signature, 4;
217 ($sbytes == 4) or die "can't read firmware signature: $!";
219 my $expectedmtd4 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000";
223 if ($signature eq "4DTM") {
224 seek FILE
, 0x90, 0 or die "can't read firmware signature: $!";
225 $sbytes = read FILE
, $signature, 4;
226 ($sbytes == 4) or die "can't read firmware signature: $!";
227 if ($signature eq "\x42\xfa\xed\xfe") {
228 $fwtype = "D-Link (little-endian)";
229 $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010090,0x90091000";
230 } elsif ($signature eq "\xde\xad\xbe\x42") {
231 $fwtype = "D-Link (big-endian)";
232 $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010090,0x90091000";
234 } elsif ($signature eq "\x42\xfa\xed\xfe") {
235 $fwtype = "OpenWRT (little-endian)";
236 $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000";
237 } elsif ($signature eq "\xde\xad\xbe\x42") {
238 $fwtype = "OpenWRT (big-endian)";
239 $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000";
242 $fwtype or die "Unknown firmware signature (are you sure that's the right firmware?)";
243 print STDERR
"Firmware type: $fwtype\n";
249 print STDERR
"logging into ADAM2 bootloader.. ";
250 my $ftp = ADAM2FTP
->new($box, Debug
=> 0, Timeout
=> 600) or die "can't open control connection\n";
251 $ftp->login("adam2", "adam2") or die "can't login\n";
252 print STDERR
"ok.\n";
258 print STDERR
"checking hardware.. ";
259 my $prd = $ftp->getenv("ProductID");
260 my $usb = $ftp->getenv("usb_prod");
261 print STDERR
"$prd / $usb.\n";
262 ($prd eq "AR7RD" || $prd eq "AR7DB") or die "doesn't look like a DSL-502T?";
263 ($usb eq "DSL-502T") or die "doesn't look like a DSL-502T?";
266 # MTD checks and update
269 print STDERR
"checking MTD settings.. ";
271 my $mtd4 = $ftp->getenv("mtd4");
272 ($mtd4 eq $expectedmtd4) or die "MTD4 was not as expected (should be '$expectedmtd4', was '$mtd4'). Cowardly refusing to do anything about it!";
274 # check MTD1 setting and update if needed
275 my $mtd1 = $ftp->getenv("mtd1");
276 if ($mtd1 ne $expectedmtd1) {
277 die "MTD1 was not as expected (should be '$expectedmtd1', was '$mtd1'). Run with -setmtd1 to reset mtd1" unless ($setmtd1);
278 print STDERR
"Setting mtd1.. ";
279 ($ftp->command("SETENV","mtd1,$expectedmtd1")->response() == Net
::FTP
::CMD_OK
) or die "can't set mtd1";
283 print STDERR
"ok.\n";
286 # Firmware size check
289 my $fwsize = (stat(FILE
))[7];
290 printf STDERR
"Firmware size: 0x%08x\n", $fwsize;
292 $mtd4 =~ /^(0x\w+),(0x\w+)$/ and $flashsize = hex($2) - hex($1);
293 printf STDERR
"Available flash space: 0x%08x\n", $flashsize;
294 die "firmware is too large" if ($flashsize < $fwsize);
301 print STDERR
"Not flashing firmware as -noflash was specified.\n";
305 seek FILE
, 0, 0, or die "can't seek in firmware: $!";
307 print STDERR
"Preparing to flash.. ";
308 ($ftp->command("MEDIA FLSH")->response() == Net
::FTP
::CMD_OK
) or die "can't set MEDIA FLSH";
309 $ftp->binary() or die "can't set binary mode";
310 print STDERR
"ok.\n";
311 print STDERR
"Erasing flash and establishing data connection (this may take a while): ";
313 my $dc = $ftp->stor("fs mtd4");
314 $dc or die "can't open data connection: $!\n";
315 print STDERR
"ok.\n";
317 print STDERR
"Writing firmware: ";
318 while ($fwsize > 0) {
320 my $len = ($fwsize > 1024 ?
1024 : $fwsize);
322 my $rbytes = read FILE
, $buffer, $len;
323 ($rbytes < 0) and die "read error on firmware file: $!";
324 ($rbytes == $len) or die "short read on firmware file ($rbytes < $len)";
326 my $wbytes = $dc->write($buffer, $len, 600);
327 ($wbytes < 0) and die "write error on FTP data connection: $!";
328 ($rbytes == $wbytes) or die "short write on FTP data connection ($wbytes < $rbytes)";
335 print STDERR
" done.\n";
341 print STDERR
"Rebooting device.\n";
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